myo-Inositol is important for thyroid hormone synthesis. [32] Depletion of myo-inositol may predispose to development of hypothyroidism. [32] Patients with hypothyroidism have a higher demand for myo-inositol than healthy subjects. [32] F., et al., Short-term effects of metformin and myo-inositol in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Gynecol Endocrinol, 2019. 35(3): p. 198-206. How do you explain all the inositol PCOS weight loss success stories out there? Any meaningful weight loss achieved after taking inositol supplements is likely to be the result of other factors. This is clear from the randomized controlled trials that have studied this question. Many women will undertake diet and lifestyle changes when supplementing with inositol. These interventions are more likely to drive weight loss than inositol alone. a b Tabrizi R, Ostadmohammadi V, Asemi Z (2018). "The effects of inositol supplementation on lipid profiles among patients with metabolic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Lipids in Health and Disease. 17 (1): 123. doi: 10.1186/s12944-018-0779-4. PMC 5968598. PMID 29793496. {{ cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI ( link) Papaleo, E.; etal. (2009). "Contribution of myo-inositol to reproduction". European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 147 (2): 120–3. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.09.008. PMID 19800728.

Chatterjee, J.; Majumder, A. L. (September 2010). "Salt-induced abnormalities on root tip mitotic cells of Allium cepa: prevention by inositol pretreatment". Protoplasma. 245 (1–4): 165–172. doi: 10.1007/s00709-010-0170-4. PMID 20559853. S2CID 9128286.

40:1 and the benefits on the morphology of the polycystic ovary

Anna, R., et al., Myo-inositol may prevent gestational diabetes in PCOS women. Gynecol Endocrinol, 2012. 28(6): p. 440-2. Nordio, M., Basciani, S. and Camajani, E., 2019. The 40: 1 myo-inositol/D-chiro-inositol plasma ratio is able to restore ovulation in PCOS patients: comparison with other ratios. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 23(12), pp.5512-21. Committee on Food Protection; Food and Nutrition Board; National Research Council (1973). "Phytates". Toxicants Occurring Naturally in Foods. National Academy of Sciences. pp. 363–371. ISBN 978-0-309-02117-3.

Nordio and colleagues compared the effectiveness of MYO and DCI combined in a physiological ratio (40:1) with MYO. In that study, it was found that a combined therapy was able to restore the hormonal and metabolic parameters earlier than when the patients were treated with MYO alone, with significant changes evident in the metabolic profile between the MYO and MYO and DCI groups. The superiority of a 40:1 inositol combined supplement has been demonstrated in mouse models of PCOS [ 51]. It’s also been proven in PCOS patients seeking to restore ovulation [ 52]. Increasing the relative amounts of D-chiro inositol above 40:1 appears to reduce effectiveness and may have a negative effect. Insulin resistance is one of the underlying causes of PCOS [ 9, 10]. It’s also the primary reason that PCOS is associated with metabolic syndrome and several chronic diseases [ 11, 12]. Insulin resistance occurs when your cells stop responding properly to insulin. This drives insulin levels up and impacts blood sugar regulation. J.E., et al., Ovulatory and metabolic effects of D-chiro-inositol in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med, 1999. 340(17): p. 1314-20.Taking D-chiro-inositol alone is best left to women that have a BMI > 30, and who also have close relatives that are diabetic [ 48]. In most other cases, you’re better off taking myo-inositol. 9. A 40:1 Blended Supplement is Best for PCOS Unwanted hair and skin issues cause a lot of distress for women with PCOS [ 28]. But inositol can sometimes help. This is because inositol lowers androgen levels [ 4, 13]. Monastra, G.; etal. (2018). " alpha-Lactalbumin effect on myo-inositol intestinal absorption: in vivo and in vitro". Current Drug Delivery. 15 (9): 1305–1311. doi: 10.2174/1567201815666180509102641. PMID 29745333. S2CID 13691602. Papaleo E, Unfer V, Baillargeon JP, De Santis L, Fusi F, Brigante C. Myo-inositol in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome : a novel method for ovulation induction. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2007;23:700–3.

Nassar M, Nassar R, Maki H, Al-Yagoob A, Hachim M, Senok A, Williams D, Hiraishi N (March 2021). "Phytic Acid: Properties and Potential Applications in Dentistry". Frontiers in Materials. 8: 29. Bibcode: 2021FrMat...8...29N. doi: 10.3389/fmats.2021.638909. Ehlers, Anke; Marakis, Georgios; Lampen, Alfonso; Hirsch-Ernst, Karen Ildico (2019-08-01). "Risk assessment of energy drinks with focus on cardiovascular parameters and energy drink consumption in Europe". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 130: 109–121. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.028. ISSN 0278-6915. PMID 31112702. Morgante G, Orvieto R, Di Sabatino A, Musacchio MC, De Leo V. The role of inositol supplementation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, with insulin resistance, undergoing the low-dose gonadotropin ovulation induction regimen. Fertil Steril. 2011;95:2642–4. Kalra B, Kalra S, Sharma JB. The inositols and polycystic ovary syndrome. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016;20(5):720–724. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.189231

Myo and d-chiro: comparison of inositols

Raffone E, Rizzo P, Benedetto V. Insulin sensitiser agents alone and in co-treatment with r-FSH for ovulation induction in PCOS women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2010;26:275–80. In one important family of pathways, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2) is stored in cellular membranes until it is released by any of a number of signalling proteins and transformed into various secondary messengers, for example diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate. [18] Phytic acid in plants [ edit ] Inositolhexaphosphate, or phytic acid. myo-Inositol is the biologically important form of cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol. It is a meso compound, i.e. optically inactive because it has a plane of symmetry. It was formerly called meso-inositol, but because there are other meso isomers, myo-inositol is now the preferred name. Besides myo-inositol, the other naturally occurring stereoisomers are scyllo-, muco-, D- chiro-, L- chiro-, and neo-inositol, although they occur in minimal quantities in nature. The other possible isomers are allo-, epi-, and cis-inositol. As their names denote, L- and D- chiro inositol are the only pair of enantiomers (mirror-image forms). All the others are meso compounds. [9] Reynolds, J. E. F. (1993). Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia. Vol.30. Pennsylvania: Rittenhouse Book Distributors. p.1379. ISBN 978-0-85369-300-0. An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin has not been identified in man