Khan, Saifullah. "1 Chapter 2 Sanitation and wastewater technologies in Harappa/Indus valley civilization (ca. 2600–1900 BC)". Academia.edu . Retrieved 9 April 2015. a b c "Simple pit latrine (fact sheet 3.4)". who.int. 1996. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016 . Retrieved 15 August 2014.

Setton, Kenneth M. & Harry W. Hazard (1977). A History of the Crusades, Volume IV: The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States. University of Wisconsin Press. p.47. ISBN 978-0-299-06824-0. Toilets come in various forms around the world, including flush toilets used by sitting or squatting, and dry toilets like pit latrines. They are easy to clean because there are no awkward nooks and crannies behind the toilet and no visible cistern.

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Tucson lawmaker wants tax credits for water-conserving toilet". Cronkite News Service. Archived from the original on 2007-08-10 . Retrieved 2008-03-12. The water in the toilet bowl is connected to a pipe shaped like an upside-down U. One side of the U channel is arranged as a siphon tube longer than the water in the bowl is high. The siphon tube connects to the drain. The bottom of the drain pipe limits the height of the water in the bowl before it flows down the drain. The water in the bowl acts as a barrier to sewer gas entering the building. Sewer gas escapes through a vent pipe attached to the sewer line. a b "Fact sheets on environmental sanitation". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 7 September 2016 . Retrieved 20 September 2018. In pre-modern Denmark, people generally defecated on farmland or other places where the human waste could be collected as fertilizer. [56] The Old Norse language had several terms for referring to outhouses, including garðhús (yard house), náð-/náða-hús (house of rest), and annat hús (the other house). In general, toilets were functionally non-existent in rural Denmark until the 18th century. [56]

Slopping out ended in Cork Prison | Irish Penal Reform Trust (IPRT)". www.iprt.ie . Retrieved 8 January 2018.The Toylet was demonstrated at trade shows with a little Manneken Pis style statue who would 'urinate' into the Toylet to show how it would work. An eco-friendly toilet is a smart choice for protecting the environment and saving money on water bills. Water-efficient toilets are those that feature a dual flush. They have two buttons, or one-button split in half. The large button triggers a full flush, while the smaller button triggers a reduced flush which typically uses half the amount of water. With rare exceptions, chamber pots are no longer used. Modern related implements are bedpans and commodes, used in hospitals and the homes of invalids.

A chemical toilet collects human excreta in a holding tank and uses chemicals to minimize odors. They do not require a connection to a water supply and are used in a variety of situations. These toilets are usually, but not always, self-contained and movable. A chemical toilet is structured around a relatively small tank, which needs to be emptied frequently. It is not connected to a hole in the ground (like a pit latrine), nor to a septic tank, nor is it plumbed into a municipal system leading to a sewage treatment plant. [25] When the tank is emptied, the contents are usually pumped into a sanitary sewer or directly to a treatment plant. Powell, Christine A. "Port Royal Chamberpots Introduction." Nautical Archaeology at Texas A&M University. Texas A&M University, 1 Dec. 1996. Web. 28 Nov. 2011. Are you planning a new bathroom or kitchen makeover? Shop online with Plumbworld for guaranteed lowest prices and next day delivery.A close coupled toilet is a toilet that has the cistern and pan coupled close together in one complete unit. The visible cistern sits flush against the wall, and the pan sits on the floor, slightly forwards from the cistern. They are the most common type of toilet found in UK homes because they come in a wide variety of styles and sizes to suit any bathroom. Cole, Paul (26 October 2014). "Brutal sex killer claims having to slop out cell breaches his human rights". birminghammail . Retrieved 8 January 2018.