Harmand et al. (2015) – 3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya. Published in Nature. Teresa Borsuk, a senior partner at Pollard Thomas Edwards, says: ‘This analysis begins to shed some light on why women are paid less than men.

Overtime can become contractual if it’s performed regularly, such as always working late on a Tuesday, or being required to do so. What is a reasonable amount of overtime in the UK? More countries have managed to decouple more recently. Emissions in the US, for example, increased substantially in the 1990s. This means that its emissions today are still higher than in 1990. But if we look at the change since 2000 [you can do this by adjusting the time-slider on the bottom of the chart] we see a large drop in emissions alongside a rise in GDP. It’s only over the last 20 years that this decoupling has started to happen. Another worker said many regular staffers are now not working midweek overtime because "the rate just isn't worth it" - at a time when the trust is continuing to struggle with understaffing. But Cath Byford, deputy CEO at NSFT, said: "We have not made any changes to our overtime arrangements. Country sizeand the level of uncertainty in these calculations have a significant influence on the inaccuracy of our global emissions figures. In the most extreme example to date, Lui et al. (2015) revealed that China overestimated its annual emissions in 2013 by using global average emission factors, rather than specific figures forthecarbon content of its domestic coal supply. 17Many of the world’s largest emitters today are in Asia. However, Asia’s rapid rise in emissions has only occurred in very recent decades. This too has been a by-product of massive improvements in living standards: since 1950 life expectancy in Asia has increased from 41 to 74 years; it has seen a dramatic fall in extreme poverty; and for the first time most of its population received formal education.

The employee’s employment contract should detail which of the above is offered. Where overtime is offered, it must be offered to all employees, rather than selected groups. Otherwise, you could be seen to be discriminating.

If an employee or worker is part time

In any case, employers cannot make staff work over 48 hours each week . Employees can do so voluntarily but this must be documented and signed by both parties. Finally, where you offer TOIL instead of overtime pay, you should detail this in any written agreement with the employee. Therefore , the employee has the right to agree on the terms of this. These terms should contain information concerning how to book the leave, options regarding when to take it, and should outline the situation should it not all be taken before the annual leave ends. Key Takeaways As you might expect, the uncertainties surrounding Brexit and what that means for practices over the coming months also weigh heavily on architects’ minds. More than a third of all architects (34 percent) said it was the biggest challenge facing the profession over the next year. This rises to 43 per cent of those working at larger firms. What becomes clear when we look at emissions across the world today is that the countries with the highest emissions over history are not always the biggest emitters today. The UK, for example, was responsible for only 1% of global emissions in 2017. Reductions here will have a relatively small impact on emissions at the global level – or at least fall far short of the scale of change we need. This creates tension with the argument that the largest contributors in the past should be those doing most to reduce emissions today. This is because a large fraction of CO 2 remains in the atmosphere for hundreds of years once emitted. 4