Discovering Words

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Most purchases from business sellers are protected by the Consumer Contract Regulations 2013 which give you the right to cancel the purchase within 14 days after the day you receive the item. Half of these infants were exposed to a trochaic artificial language, and half to an iambic artificial language. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the spelling varied, including ‘easel’, ‘easle’ and ‘ezel’.

e., words), and syllable groups with low conditional relations, such as groupings that occur across word boundaries (e.While 7-month-old infants rely on conditional statistical information to segment fluent speech, 9-month-old infants favor lexical stress, even if segmenting on the basis of stress contradicts conditional statistical information ( Johnson and Jusczyk, 2001; Thiessen and Saffran, 2003). If the ability to segment speech does not emerge until later than 7 months, these 5-month-old infants should not discriminate between words and part-words following familiarization with this fluent speech stream. Importantly, though, not all languages show this trochaic predominance; lexical items in other languages may be predominantly iambic. This hypothesis suggests that, once infants have discovered a set of word forms, they integrate information across them.

Citation: Thiessen ED and Erickson LC (2013) Discovering words in fluent speech: the contribution of two kinds of statistical information. Top: an excerpt of the iambic familiarization stream used in Experiment 1B; capitalized syllables represent stress. This is consistent with the claim that sensitivity to conditional statistical information develops earlier than sensitivity to language-specific prosodic patterns ( Thiessen and Saffran, 2003). For example, if infants extract the words BAby, DIAper, and SHOE, there is no consistent phonemic information. To better understand this interaction, we performed planned t-tests comparing listening times to test items in the two conditions.

Therefore, it is likely that if 5-month-olds – who have less familiarity with the trochaic pattern of English than 7- or 9-month-olds – are able to learn a trochaic pattern, they would also be able to learn an iambic pattern. meaning that the direction of preference for test items differed depending on the language to which infants were exposed.

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For example, exposure to a set of words allows infants to discover the phonological regularities that characterize those words ( Chambers et al. suggest that 6 months is below the age at which infants are able to segment words from fluent speech via conditional statistical cues. Even though infants at this age are capable of segmenting fluent speech in a laboratory setting, they may not yet have extracted many words from natural linguistic input. If infants in this experiment behave in the same way, they should look longer at test items that violate their expectations (i. For example, infants accept words from the synthesized speech in English utterances after exposure to a stream of synthesized speech ( Saffran, 2001).