By signing up you agree with this and confirm that you are over 13 years of age, or have the consent of a parent or guardian. Washington) and marked for repeat measurements along with cutaneous blood flow from the vastus lateralis. A skin thermistor was attached 5 cm proximal to the intramuscular electrodes of the vastus lateralis ( Figure 2B) for the assessment of skin temperature.

Thigh skinfold thickness was measured using Harpenden skinfold calipers (Baty International, West Sussex, United Kingdom) and divided by two to determine the thickness of the thigh subcutaneous fat layer over each participant's vastus lateralis, following which the surface area was cleaned with an alcohol swab.We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners who may combine it with other information that you’ve provided to them or that they’ve collected from your use of their services. The trial was run by an experienced physiologist (PhD) along with a postgraduate physiologist (Mphil). Telemetric T core capsules were consumed upon arrival to the laboratory two hours prior to experimental trials to ensure passing into the gastrointestinal tract. Limitations of this study include: 1) the population used were young and healthy males free of any acute injury or chronic illness.

However, the influence of bias on either the participant or investigator will have been minimal due to the objective measurements used while the participant was in the passive rested state and; 4) due to the electrode placement on the vastus lateralis it was difficult to directly massage this region which may have created a bias in measurements, although this was consistent between the 2 gels.

This increased cutaneous flow occurs through activation of TRMP8 receptors in the vascular cells, 12, 13 which in turn increase Nitric Oxide production from the endothelial cells resulting in localized vasodilation. The quantity of gel used for each participant was measured by weighing the gel tube twice for pre and post treatment.

All participants were to be injury free and had to avoid any unaccustomed exercise during the trial that may cause delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS). mm diameter, Ellab, Hilleroed, Denmark) inserted into both anterior thighs, along with surface skin temperature thermisters (MHC, Ellab, Hilleroed, Denmark) attached ( Figure 2B) whereupon temperature was recorded prior to resting for 60 minutes. Recently, a systematic review 33 examined the topical analgesic clinical effectiveness of menthol Biofreeze ? The softness and quality of the Renova Sensitive pocket tissue, joined by a subtle menthol perfume to provide a pleasant feeling of freshness and well-being.The authors’ have previously used the scale during exercise induced hyperthermia 22 and found a strong relationship with core temperature increases. Both muscle and skin temperature were then recorded using a hand-held data logger thermometer (HH378, Omega, Manchester, UK) at a frequency of one sample/second.

C temperature decline difference between ice and menthol gel treatment for 95% power was used to calculate a minimum sample size requirement of n=5 (G*Power) was estimated (5% significance level). Twenty young healthy, active males were recruited for the study, their age; mass and height were 21. The diameter, velocity, and flow were then calculated as the mean of the data acquired across each 30-second period for statistical analysis.

Therefore, localized topical application of menthol containing cooling gels may represent a suitable and practical alternative. Heart rate was continuously monitored during the experimental protocol (Accurex Plus, Polar, Kempele, Finland). We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic. Immediately following treatment measurements of skin and intramuscular temperature, cutaneous blood flow and a visual thermal comfort scale 17 were taken and repeated every 10 minutes.