a b c Russell, Herbie (21 April 2023). "Stompie the Tank was too historically important to be 'painted by random graffiti artists' but could still return 'in some form' ". Southwark News . Retrieved 16 September 2023. Although four of the accused denied involvement with MK, Mandela and the other five accused admitted sabotage but denied that they had ever agreed to initiate guerrilla war against the government. [143] They used the trial to highlight their political cause; at the opening of the defence's proceedings, Mandela gave his three-hour " I Am Prepared to Die" speech. That speech—which was inspired by Castro's " History Will Absolve Me"—was widely reported in the press despite official censorship. [144] The trial gained international attention; there were global calls for the release of the accused from the United Nations and World Peace Council, while the University of London Union voted Mandela to its presidency. [145] On 12 June 1964, justice De Wet found Mandela and two of his co-accused guilty on all four charges; although the prosecution had called for the death sentence to be applied, the judge instead condemned them to life imprisonment. [146] Robben Island: 1964–1982 On 11 July 1963, police raided Liliesleaf Farm, arresting those that they found there and uncovering paperwork documenting MK's activities, some of which mentioned Mandela. The Rivonia Trial began at Pretoria Supreme Court in October, with Mandela and his comrades charged with four counts of sabotage and conspiracy to violently overthrow the government; their chief prosecutor was Percy Yutar. [141] Judge Quartus de Wet soon threw out the prosecution's case for insufficient evidence, but Yutar reformulated the charges, presenting his new case from December 1963 until February 1964, calling 173 witnesses and bringing thousands of documents and photographs to the trial. [142] Mandela served as president for five years. Among his accomplishments was South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission, designed to document human rights violations and help victims and violators come to term with their past. Though its results are contested, the commission offered the beginnings of restorative justice—a process that focuses on repair rather than retribution— to a nation still smarting from centuries of scars. Mandela's international fame emerged during his incarceration in the 1980s, when he became the world's most famous political prisoner, a symbol of the anti-apartheid cause, and an icon for millions who embraced the ideal of human equality. [255] [453] [454] [455] In 1986, Mandela's biographer characterised him as "the embodiment of the struggle for liberation" in South Africa. [456] Meredith stated that in becoming "a potent symbol of resistance" to apartheid during the 1980s, he had gained "mythical status" internationally. [457] Sampson commented that even during his life, this myth had become "so powerful that it blurs the realities", converting Mandela into "a secular saint". [458] Within a decade of the end of his presidency, Mandela's era was widely thought of as "a golden age of hope and harmony", [459] with much nostalgia being expressed for it. [460] His name was often invoked by those criticising his successors like Mbeki and Zuma. [461] Across the world, Mandela earned international acclaim for his activism in overcoming apartheid and fostering racial reconciliation, [415] coming to be viewed as "a moral authority" with a great "concern for truth". [462] Mandela's iconic status has been blamed for concealing the complexities of his life. [463]

From 2004, he lived a quiet life with his wife Graça. Following a lung infection, Nelson Mandela sadly died in December 2013, aged 95 years old. How is Nelson Mandela remembered?Benson 1986, pp.54–57; Meer 1988, p.61; Mandela 1994, pp.210–216; Lodge 2006, p.73; Smith 2010, pp.87–93; Meredith 2010, pp.95–101; Sampson 2011, pp.77–80. Ex-CIA spy admits tip led to Nelson Mandela's long imprisonment". The Guardian. 15 May 2016. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016 . Retrieved 20 May 2016. Wade, John (30 April 2017). London Curiosities: The Capital's Odd & Obscure, Weird & Wonderful Places. ISBN 9781473879133.

Royal Decree 270/1999, 12th February 1999". Spanish Official State Gazette. 13 February 1999 . Retrieved 13 September 2017. Hutton, Barbara (1994). Robben Island: Symbol of Resistance. Bellville: Pearson South Africa. ISBN 978-0-86877-417-6. Mandela discharged from South Africa hospital". Al Jazeera. 1 September 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 1 September 2013. Benson 1986, p.224; Barber 2004, pp.20, 23, 26–27; Meredith 2010, pp.341–346; Sampson 2011, pp.335–336.

When did Nelson Mandela die?

Meer 1988, pp.185–194; Mandela 1994, pp.432–440; Meredith 2010, p.210; Smith 2010, pp.256–259; Sampson 2011, pp.165–167. Benson 1986, p.24; Meer 1988, pp.39–40; Mandela 1994, pp.144, 148–149; Lodge 2006, pp.24, 25; Smith 2010, pp.59–62; Meredith 2010, p.47; Sampson 2011, p.36.

Read, James H. (2010). "Leadership and power in Nelson Mandela's Long Walk to Freedom". Journal of Power. 3 (3): 317–339. doi: 10.1080/17540291.2010.524792. S2CID 143804607. Mandela's 90th birthday was marked across the country on 18 July 2008, with the main celebrations held at Qunu, [338] and a concert in his honour in Hyde Park, London. [339] In a speech marking the event, Mandela called for the rich to help the poor across the world. [338] Throughout Mbeki's presidency, Mandela continued to support the ANC, usually overshadowing Mbeki at any public events that the two attended. Mandela was more at ease with Mbeki's successor, Zuma, [340] although the Nelson Mandela Foundation was upset when his grandson, Mandla Mandela, flew him out to the Eastern Cape to attend a pro-Zuma rally in the midst of a storm in 2009. [340] Nelson Mandela condition worsens as Zuma cancels trip". BBC News. 27 June 2013. Archived from the original on 26 January 2014 . Retrieved 27 June 2013.Sampson, Anthony (6 July 2003). "Mandela at 85". The Observer. London. Archived from the original on 26 February 2013 . Retrieved 26 May 2008. ; "Can Mandela's AIDS Message Pierce the Walls of Shame?". Peninsula Peace and Justice Center. 9 January 2005. Archived from the original on 26 February 2013 . Retrieved 26 May 2008. ; Quist-Arcton, Ofeibea (19 July 2003). "South Africa: Mandela Deluged With Tributes as He Turns 85". AllAfrica. Archived from the original on 26 February 2013 . Retrieved 26 May 2008. In June 2004, aged 85 and amid failing health, Mandela announced that he was "retiring from retirement" and retreating from public life, remarking, "Don't call me, I will call you." [333] Although continuing to meet with close friends and family, the foundation discouraged invitations for him to appear at public events and denied most interview requests. [322] After leaving office in 1999, Mandela spent the remainder of his life working to end poverty and raise awareness of HIV/AIDS. He died in 2013 at age 95. Benson 1986, p.17; Mandela 1994, pp.36–42; Lodge 2006, p.8; Smith 2010, pp.29–31; Meredith 2010, pp.9–11; Sampson 2011, p.14. Stern, Jennifer (27 August 2008). "Long walk immortalised in bronze". Media Club South Africa. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013 . Retrieved 30 November 2009.