Vitruvius Britannicus: The Classic of Eighteenth-Century British Architecture (Dover Architecture)

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George) David Astor (b. 1958), born 8 July 1958; lives at Ashbury (Berks); married, 1983, Marianne Piroska Julia, only daughter of John Hurleston Leche of Carden (Cheshire) and had issue one son and one daughter. Astor, William Waldorf (1848-1919), 1st Baron and 1st Viscount Astor. Only child of John Jacob Astor (1822-90) and his wife (Charlotte) Augusta, daughter of Thomas Stanyarne Gibbes of South Carolina, born 31 March 1848. Educated at Columbia University (BA); lawyer (qualified in USA 1875); member of the New York State legislature, 1878, 1881; US minister to Italy, 1882-88. Author of historical novels, including Valentino: an historical romance of the 16th century in Italy, 1885; Sforzo: a story of Milan, 1899; and of a biography, John Jacob Astor, 1899. After leaving Italy, he settled in England, where he bought the Pall Mall Gazettein 1893, founded the Pall Mall Magazineand Pall Mall Budget, and in 1910 acquired The Observernewspaper. Having left New York for good, he built the Waldorf (later Waldorf-Astoria) Hotel next to his family mansion on Fifth Avenue, New York. He became a naturalised British citizen in 1899, and was raised to the peerage as 1st Baron Astor, 26 January 1916 and advanced to be 1st Viscount Astor, 3 June 1917. He married, 6 June 1878, Mary (k/a Mamie) Dahlgren (d. 1894), daughter of James William Paul of Philadelphia (USA) and had issue:

Hon. Emily Mary Astor (b. 1956) of Aberfeldy (Aberdeens.), born 9 June 1956; photographer; married 1st, 1984, Alan M.C.L. Gregory, elder son of Donald Gregory of San Francisco, California (USA); married 2nd, 1988 (div. 1995), James Ian Anderson (b. 1952), insurance broker, son of Capt. John Murray Anderson, and had issue two sons and two daughters; Hon. Camilla Fiona Astor (b. 1974), born 8 May 1974; married, 2006, Dominic M. Trusted and has issue one son and two daughters; The lives of the British architects from William of Wykehan to Sir William Chambers - London; New York: 1909

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A consortium of British architects and their patrons rebelled against the early eighteenth century's Baroque excesses and turned instead toward the Renaissance works of Andrea Palladio for inspiration. These Neo-Palladians guided the course of British architecture toward classical principles, and the Vitruvius Britannicus (British Vitruvius) reflects their vision. A sumptuous collection of magnificent copperplate engravings, it depicts great English country houses and public buildings.

He died 24 November 1875 and was buried at Trinity Church Cemetery, Manhattan, New York (USA). His wife died 15 February 1872. Cliveden House: view from the north, perhaps a proposal for remodelling the house,, by Thomas Sandby, n.d.. The Elevation of Wilberry house in the County of Wilt the Seat of William Benson Esqr. Invented and built by himself in the Stile of Inigo Jones, to whom this plate is most humbly Inscribed. Colen Campbell and his contemporaries believed that the south front of Wilton had been designed by Inigo Jones and it therefore became a design icon. It was one of the most fruitful sources of ideas for the neo-Palladian architects of the eighteenth century, leading directly to houses such as Houghton and Holkham. Although the fourth Earl of Pembroke had consulted Jones, the front built from 1636 was designed by Isaac de Caus. His were the windows, including the Venetian window in the centre, and the two towers, put there to hide and earlier structure. Both features became major motifs of neo-Palladianism. After a fire in 1647, Jones' pupil John Webb hid the roof behind the parapet and put pitched roofs on end towers. In this engraving Campbell 'improved' the design still further by adding a set of steps to centre. The great rooms at Wilton are the only surviving interiors in the court style of Inigo Jones. Astor, Waldorf (1879-1952), 2nd Viscount Astor: correspondence and papers, 1902-52 [Reading University Library, MS1066]; parliamentary correspondence and papers, 20th cent. [Plymouth & West Devon Record Office, Acc. 186]

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Elevation of Eastbury in Dorsetshire, the Seat of the Rt. Hon. George Doddington Esq, Designed by Sir John Vanburgh Kt. He died 22 February 1890 and was buried in Trinity Chapel Cemetery, Manhattan, New York (USA), where he is commemorated by a monument. His wife died 12 December 1887 and was also buried in Trinity Chapel Cemetery. Hon. (Elizabeth) Louise Astor (b. 1951), of Withcote (Leics), born 1 March 1951; married 1st, 1979 (div. 1981), David John Shelton Herring; married 2nd, 1985, David Joseph Ward FRCS MB BS, son of Joseph Ward FRCOG, MRCP, LRCP of Fordwich (Kent) and had issue one son and one daughter;

Emily Astor (1819-41); married, 1838, Sam Ward jr (d. 1884), banker, (who m2, Marie Angeline (k/a Medora) Grymes and had issue two sons) and had issue one son (died in infancy) and one daughter; died in childbirth, 1841 in New York (USA); The drawing room on the south front of the house was formed by Allard from two of Barry's rooms and decorated with Corinthian pilasters around the walls; the original division between the rooms was marked by two Corinthian columns in the round. At some point before the Second World War, the 2nd Viscount Astor converted this room into a library and removed the columns. In the 1980s the space was repurposed yet again, becoming the main hotel dining room, with the bookcases retained but concealed by new panelling. Houghton Hall, Norfolk, begun 1722, for Sir Robert Walpole, the Whig prime minister. Here Campbell was replaced by Gibbs, who capped the end pavilions with octagonal domes, and by William Kent, who designed the interiors. A New Building at ye end of his Grace ye Duke of Kents Garden in Bedfordshire. Invented by Tho Archer Esqr Hever Castle: the 'Tudor Village' built as an extension to the house to provide guest and service accommodation and linked to the main building by a bridge across the moat. Image: Got my reservations

Colen Campbell (1676 - 1729)

Hon. Bridget Mary Astor (b. 1948), born 16 February 1948; married 1st, 1980 (div. 1986), Count Arthur Tarnowski (d. 2012), younger son of Count Hieronim Tarnowski of Poland, and had issue two sons; married 2nd, 1989, Geoffrey Richard Smith, fourth son of James William Smith of Eywood House, Titley (Herefs) and had issue one daughter; Hon. Philip Douglas Paul Astor (b. 1959) of Tillypronie, Tarland (Aberdeens.), born 4 April 1959; educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford and Inner Temple (called to bar, 1989); barrister-at-law; married, July 2012, Justine H. (b. 1964), editor of Harper's Bazaar , elder daughter of Michael Picardie. Pembroke Lodge, Whitehall, London; executed Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke's design (c.1724), demolished 1756 Astor, Gavin (1918-84), 2nd Baron Astor of Hever. Eldest son of John Jacob Astor (1886-1971), 1st Baron Astor of Hever and his wife Lady Violet Mary DSt.J., youngest daughter of Gilbert John Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound,4th Earl of Minto and widow of Lord Charles George Francis Mercer-Nairne MVO, born 1 June 1918. Educated at Eton and New College, Oxford. Served in Second World War as Capt. in Life Guards, 1939-45. High Sheriff of Sussex, 1955-56; Lord Lieutenant of Kent, 1972-82; Seneschal of Canterbury Cathedral, 1973-83. Chairman of The Times newspaper, 1959-66 (co-owner, 1962-66) and Life President of Times Newspapers, 1967-84; President of Commonwealth Press Union, 1972; Chairman of Council of Royal Commonwealth Society, 1972-75; Prime Warden of the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths, London, 1981-82. A director of Electrolux Ltd, Monotype Association and Alliance Assurance. President of The Pilgrims, 1977 and founder of the Astor of Hever Trust, 1955. He succeeded his father as 2nd Baron Astor of Hever Castle, 19 July 1971. He married, 4 October 1945, Lady Irene Violet Freesia Janet Augusta (1919-2001), youngest daughter of Sir Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig of Bemersyde, and had issue: In 1906, William Waldorf Astor's eldest son, Waldorf (1879-1952), married the American divorcee, Nancy Langhorne Shaw (1879-1964), and he gave them Cliveden as a wedding present. Waldorf, who had been educated at Eton and Oxford, was far more English than his father would ever be. In 1910 he entered Parliament as MP for Plymouth and by the end of the First World War he was Permanent Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George: a promising beginning to a serious political career. Not surprisingly, therefore, he is said to have been dismayed by his father's decision in 1916 - on which he was not consulted - to accept a peerage, since this meant that on his father's death he would have to leave the House of Commons and join the Lords, where by the 1920s a serious political career was no longer really possible. The blow fell earlier than might have been expected, when his father died in 1919, and he became 2nd Viscount Astor. The suffragettes having won the first stage of their victory in getting women the vote and the right to sit in Parliament the previous year, it was arranged that Waldorf's feisty and highly political wife Nancy should stand in his old Parliamentary seat of Plymouth Sutton at the bye-election that followed his elevation to the Lords. When she was elected, she became the first woman to take her seat in the UK parliament, and she retained it until 1945. In the 1920s and 1930s Lord and Lady Astor made Cliveden a centre of political entertaining where they sought to bring together politicians, journalists and academics of varied views for the cross-fertilization of ideas. Some of those who came were on the far right of the political spectrum, and this led in the late 1930s to allegations that there was a pro-Nazi 'Cliveden Set' which was using its influence with the Government to promote appeasement. This was untrue, although there was some sympathy among the most regular visitors to Cliveden for German resentment at terms of the Versailles Treaty of 1919, and a strong anxiety to avoid another war if at all possible. By 1939, however, it was clear to those involved that Hitler had to be stopped, and any support individual members of the Cliveden set may have given to appeasement melted away.

The Generall Front of Blenheim Castle is most humbly Inscrib'd to his Grace John Duke of Marlborough... There are later volumes also published under the name ‘Vitruvius Brittanicus’, but they are not connected to Colen Campbell's work. In 1739 a volume was issued by Badeslade and Rocque, described as ‘Volume 4’. [3] However, this had little in common with Campbell, comprising mainly topographical perspective views of houses (54 plates). Between 1765 and 1771, Woolfe and Gandon published their ‘Volumes 4 & 5’ (79 and 75 plates). [4] They discounted Badeslade's volume, believing their work to be a more correct continuation of Campbell, hence their numbering. The plates are indeed mostly plans and elevations of buildings largely in the Palladian style, most dating from after 1750. The various Volumes are fully described in Harris. [5] Campbell's main commissions [ edit ] Wanstead House, as built, illustrated in Nathaniel Spencer, The Complete English traveller, London 1771 Laura Astor (1824-1902); married, 1844, Franklin Hughes Delano (1813-93), great-uncle of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, and died without issue in Geneva (Switzerland), 1902; buried at Riverside Cemetery, Fairhaven, Massachusetts (USA); Sir John de Cobham had licence to crenellate his house at Hever in 1384, and the moated square sandstone house he built still stands, externally rather little altered. It is really a semi-fortified house rather than a castle, with the defensive elements being primarily for show, although the moat, drawbridge and stone gatehouse would have offered some protection from casual raiding parties, if not from a determined assault. He inherited Hever Castle from his father in 1919. He lived latterly at Terres Blanches, Pegomas (France).John Rudolph Astor (b. & d. 1881), born 28 November 1881; died in infancy, 27 December 1881 and was buried in the Astor vault, Trinity Church Cemetery, Manhattan, New York (USA);