Dillingham T, Kenia J, Shofer F, Marschalek J. A prospective assessment of an adjustable, immediate fit, transtibial prosthesis. PM R. 2019;11(11):1210–7. Sang YJ, Li X, Luo Y. Characteristics of a volume-adjustable compression chamber for transradial prosthetic interface. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part H-J Eng Med. 2016;230(7):650–60. Depending on your amputation level, lifestyle, and your overall medical condition, each technology mentioned above is different. However, all share a common theme as they are focused on providing maximum comfort, empowerment, adjustability, and innovation. The differences lie in user preference and input from your Prosthetist. Comparison Chart Bekrater-Bodmann R. Factors associated with prosthesis embodiment and its importance for prosthetic satisfaction in lower limb amputees. Frontiers in neurorobotics. 2021;14:604376. From the 34 studies identified, the median number of participants is ten, however eight studies only included a single participant. Some of the case studies were focused on individuals with specific needs such as a bulbous residuum [ 26], whilst most others were aimed at demonstrating a proof of concept of a new design. Inflatable bladders

Ballas, GJ, Ballas, MT. Modular adjustable prosthetic volume compensation system. US patent 2022/0110768 A1. 2022. Talaty M, Esquenazi A (2013) Determination of dynamic prosthetic alignment using forceline visualization. JPO J Prosthetics Orthot 25:15–21 Rink C, Wernke MM, Powell HM, Gynawali S, Schroeder RM, Kim JY, et al. Elevated vacuum suspension preserves residual-limb skin health in people with lower-limb amputation: randomized clinical trial. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2016;53(6):1121.Even more exciting, these technological advancements ultimately lead to a more intimate bond with your residual limb, through micro-adjustments that you can facilitate in minutes. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Medical devices: legal requirements for specific medical products: UK Government; 2023. [Accessed 24/05/23]. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/medical-devices-legal-requirements-for-specific-medical-devices/medical-devices-legal-requirements-for-specific-medical-devices#custom-made. Epoch Medical Innovations Inc. Limb air product overview. 2022. https://www.epochmedical.com/copy-of-limbair. Accessed 10 Mar 2023. Kawamura J, Hayashi Y, Yoneda T, Minamihara K, Tanaka H, Arimitsu K, et al. Temporary above-knee prostheses and training programme during chemotherapy. Prosthet Orthot Int. 1985;9(2):87–91. Cherelle P, Mathijssen G, Wang Q et al (2014) Advances in propulsive bionic feet and their actuation principles. Adv Mech Eng 6:984046

Ali S, Abu Osman NA, Naqshbandi MM et al (2012) Qualitative study of prosthetic suspension systems on transtibial amputees’ satisfaction and perceived problems with their prosthetic devices. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 93:1919–1923 Bennett L, Kavner D, Lee BK et al (1979) Shear vs pressure as causative factors in skin blood flow occlusion. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 60:309–314 Wrenches can be used across a wide range of applications thanks to their versatility, ease to use and nature as an essential hand tool. Wrenches are commonly used by:Meulenbelt HE, Geertzen JH, Jonkman MF, Dijkstra PU. Skin problems of the stump in lower-limb amputees: 2. Influence on functioning in daily life. Acta Derm Venereol. 2011;91(2):178–82. Ambrosio L, Peluso G, Davis PA (1996) Biomaterials and their Biocompatibilities. In: Human biomaterials applications. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ, pp 3–17 Kahle JT (1999) Conventional and hydrostatic transtibial interface comparison. JPO J Prosthetics Orthotics 85–91 Boa Technology. Boa technology: how it works. 2022. https://www.boafit.com/en-gb/innovation/#pid-1446. Accessed 2 Feb 2023.

Naturally your residual limb will change size during the course of the day. The game changer for prosthetic users is wearing a prosthesis that can change in sync with these volume fluctuations. One-hand release. Removing your prosthesis is made easy by simply pulling the adjusting dial with one hand to release. Wyss D, Lindsay S, Cleghorn WL et al (2015) Priorities in lower limb prosthetic service delivery based on an international survey of prosthetists in low- and high-income countries. Prosthetics Orthot Int 39:102–111Gefen A, Brienza DM, Cuddigan J, Haesler E, Kottner J. Our contemporary understanding of the aetiology of pressure ulcers/pressure injuries. Int Wound J. 2022;19(3):692–704. Toughware PRX. International transradial adjustable limb (ITAL). 2022. https://toughwareprx.com/product/international-transradial-adjustable-limb-ital/. Accessed 7 Dec 2022. Sanders JE, Fatone S (2011) Management. Epub ahead of print 2011. https://doi.org/10.1682/JRRD.2010.09.0189

Dudek NL, Marks MB, Marshall SC, Chardon JP. Dermatologic conditions associated with use of a lower-extremity prosthesis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005;86(4):659–63. Gholizadeh H, Abu Osman N, Eshraghi A et al (2014) Evaluation of new suspension system for limb prosthetics. Biomed Eng Online 13:1 McCloskey C, Kenia J, Shofer F, Marschalek J, Dillingham TR. Improved Self-reported comfort, stability, and limb temperature regulation with an immediate fit, adjustable transtibial prosthesis. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl. 2020;2(4):100090.

An innovative modular socket system.

Stevens PM, Rheinstein J, Wurdeman SR (2018) Prosthetic foot selection for individuals with lower-limb amputation: a clinical practice guideline. JPO J Prosthetics Orthot 30:175–180 Evidence to Policy and Impact Unit. Evidence, policy, impact: WHO guide for evidence-informed decision-making. World Health Organisation; 2022. Golbranson FL, Wirta RW, Kuncir EJBE et al (1988) Volume changes occurring in postoperative below-knee residual limbs. Sanders JE, Fatone S. Residual limb volume change: systematic review of measurement and management. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2011;48(8):949.