Chosin Reservoir: As I Remember Koto-Ri Pass, North Korea, December 1950

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Shrader, Charles R. (1995), Communist Logistics in the Korean War, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, ISBN 978-0-313-29509-6 Marine veteran Martin Overholt recalls, ''I remember being very tired. There were times I actually fell asleep standing up.'' On the afternoon of December 3rd, 1950, the exhausted Marines would finally march into the perimeter at Hagaru-ri. Credit: U.S. National Archives Corps – Commander and Commissar Zhang Yixiang(张翼翔), Deputy Commander Liao Zhengguo(廖政国) [8] 58th Division – Commander and Commissar Huang Chaotian(黄朝天) [8] 172nd Regiment [nb 1] 173rd Regiment 174th Regiment 59th Division – Commander and Commissar Dai Kelin(戴克林) [8] 175th Regiment 176th Regiment 177th Regiment 60th Division – Commander Chen Ting(陈挺) [8] 178th Regiment 179th Regiment 180th Regiment 89th Division (Attached to 20th Corps from 30th Corps) – Commander Yu Guangmao(余光茂) [8] 265th Regiment 266th Regiment 270th Regiment 26th Corps – Commander Zhang Renchu(张仁初), Commissar Li Yaowen [8] 76th Division – Commander Gao Wenran(高文然) [8] 226th Regiment 227th Regiment 228th Regiment 77th Division – Commander Wang Jianqing(王建青) [8] 229th Regiment 230th Regiment 231st Regiment 78th Division [nb 2] – Commander Chen Zhongmei(陈忠梅) [8] 232nd Regiment 233rd Regiment 234th Regiment 88th Division [nb 2] (Attached to 26th Corps from 30th Corps) – Commander Wu Dalin(吴大林) [8] 262nd Regiment 263rd Regiment 264th Regiment 27th Corps – Commander Peng Deqing(彭德清), Commissar Liu Haotian(刘浩天) [8] 79th Division – Commander Xiao Jinghai(肖镜海) [8] 235th Regiment 236th Regiment 237th Regiment 80th Division – Commander Zhan Danan(詹大南) [8] 238th Regiment 239th Regiment 240th Regiment 81st Division – Commander Sun Duanfu(孙端夫) [8] 241st Regiment 242nd Regiment 243rd regiment 94th Division [nb 3] (Attached to 27th Corps from 30th Corps) – Commander Wu Lanting(邬兰亭) [8] 280th Regiment 281st Regiment 182nd Regiment Notable US participants and battle honors awarded [ edit ] US Marine Corps [ edit ] Roy E. Appleman, the author of US Army official history South to Naktong, North to Yalu, writes that both sides could claim victory: the PVA 9th Army ultimately held the battlefield, while XCorps held off the PVA 9th Army in a series of battles that enabled it to withdraw most of its forces as an effective tactical unit. [220] Allan R. Millett qualifies his assessment of the battle as a Chinese "geographic victory" in that they ejected XCorps from North Korea with the PVA’s tactical failure of achieving their stated objective of destroying the 1st Marine Division, adding that the campaign gave the UN confidence that it could withstand the superior numbers of the Chinese forces. [221] The official Chinese history, published by PLA Academy of Military Science, states that despite the heavy casualties, the PVA 9th Army had earned its victory by successfully protecting the eastern flank of Chinese forces in Korea, while inflicting over 10,000 casualties to the UN forces. [222]

By 1 December, the PVA 58th Division was virtually destroyed, [167] with the remainder waiting for reinforcements from the 26th Corps of the 9th Army. [168] [169] Much to the frustration of Song Shilun, the 26th Corps did not arrive before the Marines broke out of Yudam-ni. [5] The airfield was opened to traffic on 1 December, allowing UN forces to bring in reinforcements and to evacuate the dead and wounded. [170] With the Marines at Yudam-ni completing their withdrawal on 4 December, the trapped UN forces could finally start their breakout towards the port of Hungnam. December 7, 1950 dawned bitter cold in the remote mountains of North Korea. More than 14,000 U.N. troops trapped on the plateau at Koto-ri had already endured 10 days of frozen hell. On November 26, the entire Chinese Communist 9th Army Group had slammed into two overexposed regiments of the U.S. lst Marine Division, a U.S. Army Regimental Combat Team, and assorted other units strung out for miles along a narrow mountain road in the vicinity of the iced-over Chosin Reservoir. American Route To Safety Impeded By A Gap In The Bridge Millett, Allan R. "Battle of the Chosin Reservoir". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022 . Retrieved 3 July 2018. In those days of research for Toko-Ri I would participate in catapult takeoffs and cable-grabbing landings many times,” wrote Michener, a World War II naval officer who had won the Pulitzer Prize writing about combat on sultry tropical islands. In the wintry Sea of Japan, with victory nowhere in sight, he wanted to know, “Have Americans lost their moral courage?” Remains from Korea identified as Ind. soldier". Springfield, VA: Army Times Publishing Company. Archived from the original on 26 May 2012 . Retrieved 27 August 2009.

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Maclean's final fate is disputed between US and Chinese sources. Although both sides agreed that Maclean was shot numerous times while running towards the Chinese soldiers, Chinese sources claim that Maclean was shot dead on the spot, while UN POWs stated that Maclean later died from his wounds while being moved to a POW camp. See Appleman 1990, p.114 and Guang 2007, p.60. Montross, Lynn; Canzona, Nicholas (1992). U.S. Marine Operations in Korea: The Chosin Reservoir Campaign. Vol.3. Austin, Texas: Robert J. Speights. ISBN 978-0-944495-03-2. A Company, 7th Motor Transport Battalion, FMFPAC (attached) – Capt. Ira N. Hayes Elements, 1st Tank Battalion, 1st Marine Division – LCol. Harry T. Milne Fearing an invasion, Communist China’s leader Mao Zedong deployed 200,000 soldiers of the People’s Volunteer Army (PVA) across the Yalu, 120,000 of whom headed toward the Chosin River Valley. With highly disciplined nighttime-only marches, these forces evaded detection and entered the war in early November. But their evasive maneuvers lured Marines and U.S. Army divisions into a valley around a storage lake called the Chosin Reservoir. After continuous fighting from Yudam-Ni to Gagaru-Ri through battered and bloody, all who could walk formed up and marched into Hagaru-Ri, singing The Marines’ Hymn on 4 December.

Evans, Alun. Brassey's Guide to War Films. Dulles, Virginia: Potomac Books, 2000. ISBN 1-57488-263-5. Machine gun squad leader. Armed with small arms he retrieved a marine machine gun that the Chinese had over ran and were using on US Marines. After getting other marines set up on the machine gun, he was killed returning to his own. Seventeen Medals of Honor were earned during the battle. Tens of thousands of North Korean civilians braved possible death on the battlefield and in the severe weather when they chose to be evacuated to South Korea along with the U.N Forces.

Battalion, 32nd Infantry Regiment – LTC Don Faith {attached to Regimental Combat Team 31} 3rd Battalion, 32nd Infantry Regiment KATUSA - See Republic of Korea Forces below. Task Force Drysdale [ edit ] 41 Independent Commando Royal Marines – LTC Douglas B. Drysdale {attached to the US 1st Marine Division} Hermes, Jr., Walter (1966). Truce Tent and Fighting Front. United States Army Center of Military History. p.2,6,9. Archived from the original on 2009-02-24 . Retrieved 2020-06-02. Department of Health, People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department (1988). 抗美援朝战争卫生工作总结: 卫生勤务 (in Chinese) (1sted.). Beijing: Department of Health, People's Liberation Army General Logistics Department. OCLC 1133095915. {{ cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year ( link) Cowart, Glenn C. (1992). Miracle In Korea: The Evacuation of X Corps from the Hungnam Beachhead. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 0-87249-829-8. Tertitskiy, Fyodor (21 November 2017). "Words, words: North and South Korea's differing romanization". NK News. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021 . Retrieved 6 October 2021.