Yaashikaa PR, Kumar PS, Varjani S (2022) Valorization of agro-industrial wastes for biorefinery process and circular bioeconomy: a critical review. Bioresour Technol 343:126126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126126

But for me, the main heat should come from above as to replicate wild and natural conditions. So I use a the Arcadia Deep Heat Projector (DHP) or ceramic bulb as opposed to a heat mat. For the Arcadia Deep Heat Projector (DHP) I use a Microclimate Evo thermostat. This allows you to have all three of the above mentioned options available to you in one thermostat, making it the best thermostat on the market. I opt for the dimming method with the DHP. You absolutely need to provide a water bowl, a couple of hides and branches for your Ball python. These are the basics in terms of décor.

Forestry residues: Forests, whether natural or cultivated, are rich sources of fuel, timber, wood and charcoal. Residues that remained after removing stem wood during harvesting, such as roots, branches and foliage, can be used as a source of lignocellulosic biomass. The annual production of woody biomass is about 4.6 Gt worldwide [ 41]. Pros: Hemp is burrow-able and comfortable for corn snakes. Like Aspen, it’s safe if eaten by your pet snake. It is a significant step in bioethanol production from LCB as the biomass structure is complex, which needs specific treatment to open it. There are four types of pre-treatment methods, i.e. physical, chemical, physicochemical and biological, used to disrupt the biomass structure and enhance its accessibility. The ideal pre-treatment method is the one that provides good sugar yield with less inhibitor production in an economical way. Physical Pre-treatment The operation is a simple and most commonly studied process with bioreactors. The substrate is filled in the bioreactor initially, and volume remains constant throughout reaction time, without any additional nutrients in the reaction. In this process, productivity is less due to inhibition by the product, long lag phase, an interruption due to sterilizing, cleaning and filling [ 114]. Phukoetphim et al. [ 115] evaluated sweet sorghum for bioethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae NP01 in repeated batch fermentation for five cycles to facilitate the efficiency of the process. The experiment’s outcomes revealed that the average ethanol concentration was 112.3 g/l for the five cycles. Zhang et al. [ 116] experimented on batch fermentation (SSF) of the pre-treated corncob for ethanol production and observed an ethanol concentration of 69.2 g/l. Fed-Batch Type or Semi-continuous Type

Onuma H, Hara K, Sugita K, Kano A, Fukuta Y, Shirasaka N (2019) Purification and characterization of a glycoside hydrolase family 5 endoglucanase from Tricholoma matsutake grown on barley based solid-state medium. J Biosci Bioeng 128:669–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.05.012 Awasthi MK, Sarsaiya S, Wainaina S, Rajendran K, Kumar S, Quan W, Duan Y, Awasthi SK, Chen H, Pandey A, Zhang Z, Jain A, Taherzadeh MJ (2019) A critical review of organic manure biorefinery models toward sustainable circular bioeconomy: technological challenges, advancements, innovations, and future perspectives. Renew Sust Energ Rev 111:115–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.017 Lignocel and aspen as substrate: Some snake keepers use Lignocel or aspen, however these are not the best choice to maintain a steady humidity gradient in the entire setup.Now, the interest is shifting in the area of consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). One microorganism is engineered with genes or the consortia of microbes, reducing the cost involved with the processes. Another challenge is the microorganism survival and the co-utilization of pentose and hexose sugars completely and simultaneously by the fermenting microorganism. Now, the research is focused on the generation of modified strains, which can disrupt the polysaccharides and use sugars even in the presence of toxic compounds generated during pre-treatment [ 141]. Several studies have been executed on processing LCB waste obtained from domestic waste, restaurant kitchens, and food processing plants through enzymatic treatment.

So, the idea of spot cleaning is to keep an eye on your corn snake and see when it goes to the toilet. When it does, clean it up immediately, as well as the bedding that was soiled. Replace the small amount of affected bedding.Compared to batch fermentation, the continuous fermentation process is more productive; however, low cell concentration is the barrier to higher productivity in the free cell continuous process. In this process, there is no alternate way to keep cells in the bioreactor, and the washout occurs at a tremendous dilution rate [ 120]. (ii) Membrane Cell Recycle Bioreactor Pant D, Misra S, Nizami AS, Rehan M, van Leeuwen R, Tabacchioni S, Goel R, Sarma P, Bakker R, Sharma N, Kwant K, Diels L, Elst K (2019) Towards the development of a biobased economy in Europe and India. Crit Rev Biotechnol 39:779–799. https://doi.org/10.1080/07388551.2019.1618787 Take all of the bedding out and clean the enclosure fully with an antibacterial spray. Allow your snake’s living space to dry before replacing the bedding, and finally, reintroduce the snake to its home. Which Bedding for Corn Snakes Should I Buy?