Applied Epistemology (Engaging Philosophy)

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Battersby, Mark; Bailin, Sharon (2018). Inquiry: A New Paradigm for Critical Thinking. University of Windsor. p.255. ISBN 978-0-920233-84-9. Elgin, C.Z. (2017). Exemplification in understanding. In S.R. Grimm, C. Baumberger, and S. Ammon (Eds.), Explaining understanding: New perspectives from epistemology and philosophy of science (pp. 76–91). New York, NY: Routledge. Coady, David; Chase, James (2018). The Routledge Handbook of Applied Epistemology. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-39314-6.

Human beings do not use ideas to connect with other ideas, much less to connect with the real world, they use them to connect with one another. It is a commonplace observation to say that people believe what their friends believe but it is not so common to observe that there are very strict rules about this. In Hume's time, if you stood up in church and said, "I accept everything but I have reservations about Calvin's theory of pre-destination" you would be in more trouble than simply referring to it as a theory. Frohmann, B. (2004). Documentation redux: prolegomenon to (another) philosophy of information. Library Trends, 52(3), 387–407.Legal epistemology is considered a form of applied epistemology for its evaluation of whether legal systems of investigation that seeks the truth are structured in a manner that actually lead to justified and true beliefs. [34] Applied epistemics allows the legal system to draw from philosophy. For instance, David Hume stated that, "we entertain a suspicion concerning any matter of fact, when the witnesses contradict each other; when they are but few, or a doubtful character; when they have an interest in what they affirm; when they deliver their testimony with hesitation, or on the contrary, with too violent asseverations." This generic view is said to allow legal procedure the effective evaluation of testimonies. [10] Philosophy [ edit ] At the end of the battle that turned the tide of the war, 158,854 casualties were recorded by Romania (dead, wounded, missing), representing two-thirds of the troops. It was the greatest disaster in the history of the Romanians, and the Germans blamed the Romanian Army for the failure at Stalingrad.

Bawden, D. (2016). The noblest pleasure: Theories of understanding in the information science. In D.H. Sonnenwald (Ed.), Theory development in the information sciences (pp. 283–299). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.Fantl, J. (2016). Knowledge how. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, Spring 2016. Retrieved from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2016/entries/knowledge-how/ (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/6rKuS7LCM)

What is information studies for? Presumably, the products and processes that result from information research are intended for some purpose. Information involves intellectual activity, and so it would seem that information products and processes contribute to some epistemic aims (i.e., goals related to knowing), among other possible aims. These aims are generally left implicit; explicating them, however, can clarify the contribution of a given study, product or service. It seems that information studies has long assumed knowledge as its default epistemic aim; understanding has emerged as an intriguing alternative in recent years, necessitating reconsideration of epistemic frameworks. Analysis. A conceptual analysis was conducted to determine the nature and relationships of the concepts surveyed, with an eye toward synthesizing conceptualizations of understanding and opening future research directions. Ontic understanding has seen comparatively less interest in philosophy over the past several centuries, but this may be a historical accident ( Kvanvig, 2003). Moravscik ( 1979) argues that understanding was an important connotation of the Greek word episteme, but that word has generally been rendered in English only as knowledge. As such, Anglophone epistemologists have ignored ontic understanding until the late 20th century ( Kvanvig, 2003). O'Rourke, Michael (2013). "Philosophical Intervention and Cross-Disciplinary Science: the Story of the Toolbox Project". Synthese. 190 (11): 1937–1954. doi: 10.1007/s11229-012-0175-y. S2CID 5081752. Elgin, C.Z. (2002). Art in the advancement of understanding. American Philosophical Quarterly, 39(1), 1–12.Briesen, J. (2014). Pictorial art and epistemic aims. In H. Klinke (Ed.), Art theory as visual epistemology (pp. 11–27). Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars.