An implanted HD-XG glucose electrode continuously sensed the blood glucose and recorded the electrical signals during a study. After calibration with the glucose levels measured by the Nova StatStrip Glucose Meter (Nova ® Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA), the recorded electrical signals were converted to glucose concentrations. In the meantime, blood glucose concentrations during various glucose tests or drug challenges were also measured by the Nova StatStrip Glucose Meter to further validate telemetry data if needed. Blood glucose circadian changes in normoglycemic monkeys significantly differed from that in diabetic animals. Postprandial glucose increase was more obvious after afternoon feeding. Moving a monkey from its housing cage to monkey chair increased blood glucose by 30% in both normoglycemic and diabetic monkeys. Such increase in blood glucose declined to the pre-procedure level in 30 min in normoglycemic animals and >2 h in diabetic monkeys. Oral gavage procedure alone caused hyperglycemia in both normoglycemic and diabetic monkeys. Intravenous injection with the stress hormones, angiotensin II (2 μg/kg) or norepinephrine (0.4 μg/kg), also increased blood glucose level by 30%. The glucose levels measured by the telemetry system correlated significantly well with glucometer readings during glucose tolerance tests (ivGTT or oGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), graded glucose infusion (GGI) and clamp. Conclusion Vashist SK (2013) Continuous glucose monitoring systems: a review. Diagnostics (Basel) 3(4):385–412

It comes with two different silicone attachments, one with internal stimulation and one without so there’s a little something for everyone. It has 10 vibration functions as well as many levels of intensity. I love that the Cowgirl is app-enabled so it can be controlled using a smartphone from up to 30 feet away. If you’re playing with your partner they can take the reins of your toy across the house. There’s also a wired remote for ease of adjustment with a 10-foot cord.Harwood HJ Jr, Listrani P, Wagner JD (2012) Nonhuman primates and other animal models in diabetes research. J Diabetes Sci Technol 6(3):503–514 As we get older, our bodies are less happy to put up with the wild positions we used to love and certain furniture can adapt those positions to make them comfortable again. One unique thing I love that you’re not going to find in cheaper chairs with a similar design is that this one is height-adjustable. Depending on what you’re doing, height can make all the difference in your comfort depending on whether you’re looking to bounce or stay in to eat. The legs can easily be turned to raise and lower the seats and they even mark off the height for you so you don’t have to struggle with guessing to make sure all the legs are the same length. The seat can be as high as around 15 inches off the ground and as low as 11.8 inches.

Porcellati F, Lucidi P, Bolli GB, Fanelli CG (2013) Thirty years of research on the dawn phenomenon: lessons to optimize blood glucose control in diabetes. Diabetes Care 36:3860–3862 Li Y, Xu W, Liao Z, Yao B, Chen X, Huang Z, Hu G, Weng J (2004) Induction of long-term glycemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients is associated with improvement of beta-cell function. Diabetes Care 27(11):2597–2602 Fibrin and/or tissue adhered to the glucose sensor area of the electrode placed in the artery can affect glucose readings. To obtain an optimal performance and accuracy of glucose readings, the implanted HD-XG device must be calibrated by reference measurements of tail vein blood samples with the Nova StatStrip Glucose Meter (Nova ® Biomedical, Waltham, MA, USA) from time to time during study. Raw telemetry data are recorded in nanoamperes (nA) and calibration reference values are recorded in mg/dL. The calibration algorithm converts the telemetry (nA) data to the values that are equivalent to the appropriate mg/dL results. Multi-point calibration Xiao YF, Wang B, Wang X, Du F, Benzinou M, Wang YX (2013) Xylazine-induced reduction of tissue sensitivity to insulin leads to acute hyperglycemia in diabetic and normoglycemic monkeys. BMC Anesthesiol 13(1):33Wagner JD, Kavanagh K, Ward GM, Auerbach BJ, Harwood HJ Jr, Kaplan JR (2006) Old world nonhuman primate models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oxf J Sci Math. ILAR J 47(3):259–271

I love that it breaks down easily so you can store it flat under your bed. It’s built to hold up to 300 pounds.The survey identified large variation in the types of chair used, the methods for transferring the monkey from the home environment into the chair, the time allowed to prepare the animals for chair restraint equipment before research procedures begin, and the roles of the personnel involved. For example, two-thirds of laboratories use an enclosed “box chair” design, where the monkey enters and is trained to extend his/her head through an opening on the top of the chair, and one-third use an “open chair” design, where manual handling or the pole-and-collar system is used to transfer and secure the animal into the chair. The survey aimed to obtain an overview of current practice, including the equipment and methods used for preparing monkeys for chair restraint procedures, the challenges involved, and plans for improvement. Responses were received from 101 laboratories in the academic, government, contract research and pharmaceutical industry sectors in the Americas (62), Europe (33) and Asia (6). To validate the reliability of the telemetry method, blood glucose levels were measured at different time points and with or without various challenges 1 week after device implantation. During the study, 187 blood glucose parameters were collected by both telemetry and glucometer methods in normoglycemic ( n = 3) and diabetic ( n = 2) monkeys. The blood glucose levels measured by the telemetry method were highly correlated with those read by the glucometer (Fig. 1d, Y = 0.9804 x + 3.2753, R² = 0.9466, p< 0.001), which suggests that the telemetry method with the implantable HD-XG device is reliable for continuous blood glucose monitoring. Blood glucose fluctuations during daily activities