Typhoon". Glossary of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. 2012. Archived from the original on 2015-04-12 . Retrieved 2015-04-05. The India Meteorological Department's scale uses 7 different classifications for systems within the North Indian Ocean, and are based on the systems estimated 3-minute maximum sustained winds. Tropical cyclones that develop in the Southern Hemisphere are only officially classified by the warning centres on one of two scales, which are both based on 10-minute sustained wind speeds: The Australian tropical cyclone intensity scale is used to classify systems within the Australian or South Pacific tropical cyclone basin. The scale used to classify systems in the South-West Indian Ocean is defined by Météo-France for use in various French territories, including New Caledonia and French Polynesia. a b c d Fu; etal. (2023). "Historic and Future Perspectives of Storm and Cyclone" (PDF). Advances in Atmospheric Sciences. 40 (3): 450–451. Bibcode: 2023AdAtS..40..447F. doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2184-1. ISSN 0256-1530. S2CID 253918708. Insurance losses for Hagibis remain uncertain at the moment; however, severe damages were reported across 13 prefectures.

If it’s above the North Atlantic, central North Pacific or eastern North Pacific oceans — including Florida, Caribbean Islands, Texas, Hawaii and beyond — it’s called a hurricane. Not to be confused with Typhoo or Typhon. Satellite image of Typhoon Mangkhut Three different tropical cyclones active over the Western Pacific Ocean on August 7, 2006 ( Maria, Bopha, and Saomai). The cyclones on the lower and upper right are typhoons.E. D. Maloney; D. L. Hartmann (September 2001). "The Madden–Julian Oscillation, Barotropic Dynamics, and North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Formation. Part I: Observations". Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 58 (17): 2545–2558. Bibcode: 2001JAtS...58.2545M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.583.3789. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2001)058<2545:TMJOBD>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0022-4928. S2CID 35852730. Atlantic, Eastern and Central Pacific [ edit ] Saffir–Simpson scale, 1-minute maximum sustained winds Category What is the difference between a hurricane, a cyclone, and a typhoon?". OCEAN FACTS. National Ocean Service. Archived from the original on 2016-12-25 . Retrieved 2016-12-24.

a b c d e f g h i j k l m RA IV Hurricane Committee. Regional Association IV Hurricane Operational Plan 2017 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization . Retrieved June 29, 2017.Typhoons are also classified on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale, but can be classified on the Japan Meteorological Agency typhoon scale too. This scale ranges from a tropical depression at class 2 — to a very strong or very violent typhoon at class 5.

EM-DAT. (2019). EM-DAT | The international disasters database. [online] Available at: https://www.emdat.be/index.php [Accessed 24 Oct. 2019]. According to the statistics of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, from 1950 to 2022, the Northwest Pacific generated an average of 26.5 named tropical cyclones each year, of which an average of 16.6 reached typhoon standard or above as defined by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. [7] Nomenclature [ edit ] Etymology [ edit ] Very dangerous winds will produce some damage: Well-constructed frame homes could have damage to roof, shingles, vinyl siding and gutters. Large branches of trees will snap and shallowly rooted trees may be toppled. Extensive damage to power lines and poles likely will result in power outages that could last a few to several days. Sonpo. (2019). [online] Available at: http://www.sonpo.or.jp/news/statistics/disaster/ [Accessed 24 Oct. 2019].Should the tropical system further intensify and have winds estimated or measured, as greater than 64kn (74mph; 119km/h), then it will be called a hurricane and classified on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. [1] The lowest classification on the SSHWS is a Category 1 hurricane, which has winds of between 64 and 82kn (74 and 94mph; 119 and 152km/h). [1] [3] Should the hurricane intensify further then it will be rated as a Category 2 hurricane, if it has winds of between 83 and 95kn (96 and 109mph; 154 and 176km/h). [1] [3] When a system becomes a Category 3 hurricane with winds of between 96 and 112kn (110 and 129mph; 178 and 207km/h), it is considered to be a major hurricane by the warning centers. [3] A Category 4 hurricane has winds of 113 to 136kn (130 to 157mph; 209 to 252km/h), while a Category 5 hurricane has winds of at least 137kn (158mph; 254km/h). [1] [3] A post tropical cyclone is a system that has weakened, into a remnant low or has dissipated and formal advisories are usually discontinued at this stage. [1] However, advisories may continue if the post tropical cyclone poses a significant threat to life and property. [1] They may also continue if the remnants of the system have a chance of regeneration and producing tropical storm or hurricane-force winds over land within 48hours. [1] The definition of sustained winds recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and used by most weather agencies is that of a 10-minute average at a height of 10 m (33 ft) above the sea surface. However, the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale is based on wind speed measurements averaged over a 1-minute period, at 10m (33ft). The scale used by Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) New Delhi applies a 3-minute averaging period, and the Australian scale is based on both 3-second wind gusts and maximum sustained winds averaged over a 10-minute interval. These differences make direct comparisons between basins difficult. Tropical cyclones in the Northwest Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line with sustained winds of (or those that exceed) 74 mph are typhoons.

a b c National Hurricane Operations Plan (PDF) (Report). Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorological Services and Supporting Research. May 2017 . Retrieved October 14, 2018. Fred Doehring; Iver W. Duedall; John M. Williams (1994). "Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms: 1871–1993: An Historical Survey" (PDF). Florida Institute of Technology. pp.53–54. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2011 . Retrieved December 26, 2008. Hurricanes are classified into five categories according to the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. The wind speed and intensity of damage increases as from category 1 to category 5. Tropical cyclones that occur within the Northern Hemisphere between the anti-meridian and 100°E are officially monitored by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA, RSMC Tokyo). [7] Within the region a tropical cyclone is defined to be a non-frontal synoptic scale cyclone originating over tropical or sub-tropical waters, with organized convection and a definite cyclonic surface wind circulation. [7] The lowest classification used by the Typhoon Committee is a tropical depression, which has 10-minute sustained winds of less than 34kn (17m/s; 39mph; 63km/h). [7] Should the tropical depression intensify further it is named and classified as a tropical storm, which has winds speeds between 34–47kn (17–24m/s; 39–54mph; 63–87km/h). [7] Should the system continue to intensify further then it will be classified as a severe tropical storm, which has winds speeds between 48–63kn (25–32m/s; 55–72mph; 89–117km/h). [7] The highest classification on the Typhoon Committee's scale is a typhoon, which has winds speeds greater than 64kn (33m/s; 74mph; 119km/h). [7]Japan Times. 2019. In Pictures: The chaotic aftermath of Typhoon Hagibis. [online] 13 October 2019. Available at: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/10/13/national/photo-gallery-typhoon-hagibis/#.XaRSwFVKhhF [14 October 2019] Record rains in south". The China Post. 2009-08-09. Archived from the original on 2009-08-12 . Retrieved 2009-08-09.